البنائية كطريقة تعليمية: مقالة مراجعة

Abbas N. J. (2012). The Impact of Teaching Method Using Inductive Techniques of Concept Map on Students Unpublished PhD dissertation, Salahaddin University.

Ahmed, H.H., Puteh-Behak, F. and Sidek, H. M. (2015). Examining EFL secondary reading curriculum in Iraqi Kurdistan: a review. Journal of Applied Sciences. 15(3), pp.377-391.

Al-Mahmood, A. (2013), Constructivism and reflectivism as the logical counterparts in 118OL learning theory versus teaching methodology. TEFLIN Journal. 24 (2), pp. 237-257.

Ashworth, F, Brennan, G, Egan, K, and Laughaire, R. (2004). Learning theories and higher education. Dublin Institute of Technology ARROWADIT Conference papers. retrieved May 22, 2016, from https:/arrrow.dit.ie/CGI/view content. CGI? article1003contextsngeheleart.

Astawa, N, Artini, 1L, and Nitiasih, K. (2017), Project-based learning activities and EFL students productive skills in English. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. B (6), pp.1147-1155.

Bakla, A. (2011). Teachers' view on constructivism in Turkish primary EFL classes. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities. 1 (2), pp. 1-20.

Benson, Ph. (2011). Teaching and Researching Autonomy. US: Pearson Co.

Beyhan, O. and Köksal , O. (2013). Constructivist Learning Environments in Secondary Schools. Journal of Learner Perceptions of Building on Educational and Instructional Studies in the World. 3 (2). p. 2146-7463.

Booyse, C. (2011). A Constructivist Approach in Instructional Design and Assessment Practice. A published PhD dissertation, South Africa University.

Brime, A. (2012) Enhancing Students' Reading Comprehension through Critical Thinking in Salahaddin University, Unpublished MA thesis Salahaddin-Erbil.

Brooks, J. and Brooks, M (1999), in research of understanding : the case for constructivist classrooms. VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Bull, G. R. (2009). Constructivism and Active Learning. A published MA thesis. Center for Teaching Excellence, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY.

Bunch, G.C., Walqui, S. C., Amanda, W. and Kibler, W.A. (2015). Attending to Language, Engaging n Practice: Scaffolding English Language Learners Apprenticeship into the Common Core English Language Arts Standards. Adapted from guidelines prepared by the Understanding Language Initiative's English Language Arts Workgroup. Retrieved September 12, 2016, from htp://www.tesol.org/docs/default-sourcebooks/14005 ch2.pdf?'sfvrsn2.

Fattah, B. O, and Ali, H, 0. (2016), Decoding meaning in reading comprehension module/ EFL classes; Factors that cause difficulties and strategies that fulfill the purpose. 7th International Visible Conference on

Fosnot, t. C. T. (2005). Constructivism revisited: Implications and reflections. In T Fosnot (Ed.), Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice, 2nd ed, (pp.276-292). New York: Teachers College.

Fox. R. (2001). Constructivism Examined. Oxford Review of Education. 27(1), pp. 23-35.

Fry, H., Ketteridge, S. and Marshall, S. (2003). 4 Handbook for 1eaching and Learning in Higher Education Enhancing Academic Practice. 3d ed. NY: Routledge.

Fu, Zhiyi (2010) On the Applications of Modern Educational Technology in Translation Teaching of Maritime English from the Perspective of Constructivism. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 412-415, 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/jltr.1.4.412-415

Gül, A. (2016). Constructivism as a New Notion in English Language Education in Turkey. A published PhD dissertation, Kent State University.

Gunduz, N. and Hursen, C, (2014). Constructivism in teaching and learning content analysis evaluation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 19, PP. 526-533.

Harkness, L M. (2016), The Effect of a Constructivist-Based Approach on Fifth Grade Reading Achievement. A published PhD dissertation, Walden University.

Heard, M. (2007). My Experiences Incorporating Constructivist Teaching Strategies in an Art Education Classroom. Georgia State University Retrieved September 12, 2016, from http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/art-design-theses.

Henry. M. (2002) Constructivism in the community college classroom. History Teacher 6 (1), pp. 65-74.

Herman, W. E. (1995). Humanistic Influences on a Constructivist Approach to Teaching and Learning, N.An Opinion Papers. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from https://eric. ed gov/?id=ED393814.

Huang, Ch. (2016), Constructivism and the teaching of English reading in senior high school International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 5 (5)

Ismael, D. (2015), The Effect of Cross-culture Background Knowledge on Kurdish EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension. Unpublished MA thesis, Girne American University.

Jagtap, A. (2014). Role of Constructivist teacher in developing life skills of effective stress management. The National Conference on Life Skills at Tilak College of Education, Pune, Volume I. retrieved Oct. 12, J016 from

Jalal. P (01S) Challenges and strategies employed in comprehending short stories in English: the case of Kurdish learners. Unpublished MA thesis. Near East University.

Jin, L. (2011), Constructivism-application in oral English teaching to non-

Jordan, A., Carlle, O. and Stack, A. (2008). Approaches to Learning A Guide for Teachers London: McGraw-Hill House.

Jubran, S, M. (2016). The effect of the social constructivist approach on aching reading to Jordanian university students. S-China Education Review. 6(2)

Kaufman, D., (2004). constructivist issues in language learning and teaching. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 24 (3), pp. 303-319.

Kaymakoglu, S. (2014), Beliefs and practices of EFL teachers: constructivist or traditional, International Online Journal of Education and Teaching. 1 (3), Pp.216-224.

Kim, J., S. (2005). The effects of a constructivist teaching approach on student academic achievement, self-concept, and learning strategies, Asia Pacific Education Review. 6 (1), pp. 7-19.

Liang, H., & Li, X. P. (2018). Research on Innovation Method of College English Translation Teaching Under the Concept of Constructivism. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18(5), 2455-2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.5.145.

Mahmoud, A. (2014). The effect of using the constructivist learning strategy developing some of the reading and thinking skills of first-year general secondary stage students. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research. 5. (1), pp. 25-29.

Mahmud, A. (2013). Constructivism and reflectivism as the logical counterparts in TESOL: learning theory versus teaching methodology. TEFLIN Journal24 (2)

Mensah, E. (2015). Exploring Constructivist Perspectives in the College

Mvududul, N, and Thiel-Burgess, J (2012). constructivism in practice: the case for English language learners, International Journal of Education. 4 (3).

Nomnian, S. (2002). Constructivism: theory and its application to language teaching. SllZ7 Journal. 11,. pp.62-71.

Pandey, S. (2007). Constructivism and the pedagogy of education for peace. Journal of Indian Education. 33 (2, pp. 21-29.

Reza, Gh. S., and Mahmood, D. (2013). Sociocultural theory and reading comprehension: The scaffolding of readers in an EFL context. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning. 2 (3), pp. 67-80.

Richards, J. C. and Schmidt, R. (2010). Longman Dictionary of Language

Rowell, C. G. and Palmer, B. C. (2007). Cognitive and Constructivist Strategies for Teaching about Language and for Providing Reading and Writing Instruction. Published by the Forum on Public Policy, Retrieved October 18, 2016, from https:/files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJI099088.pdf

Studies. 8 (2), pp. 105-115.

Smerdon, B, Burkam, D. T, and Lee, V, E. (1999),. Access to constructivist and didactic teaching: Who gets it? Where is it practiced? Teachers College record. 101 ( 1), pp.5-34.

Tan, C. (2016). Constructivism and pedagogical reform in China: Issues and challenges. Globalization, Societies and Education. 10, pp.1-10.

Teaching and Applied Linguistics. 3rd edition. London: Pearson Education Limited.

Toraman, C. and Demir, E. (2016). The effect of constructivism on attitudes towards lessons: A meta-analysis study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 62, pp.115-142.

Vadeboncoeur, J. A. (1997). Child development and the purpose of education: A historical context for constructivism in teacher education. In V. Richardson (ed.), Constructivist teacher education: Building new understandings. pp.15-37, London: The Falmer Press.

Walker, D., and Lambert, L. (1995),. Learning and leading theory: A century in the making. In L Lambert, D. Walker, D.P. Zimmerman, J. E. Cooper, M. D.

Young, G. (2014), The Journey to Becoming Constructivist, Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching, Secondary Mathematics Teacher, A published PhD dissertation, Portland State University.